ph, th, kh, bh, dh, gh were all pronounced originally as
strongly aspirated stops.
kh: sounded like modern German "CH" in "BACH".
The table below shows original consonants in Juralic, and how they
developed to Atlanchalcric (between -900 and -500), and hence to
Imperial Atlantean (300-600), Standard Chalcran (-250 onwards),
Imperial Helvran (-200 - 500) and Early Yalland (-200 - 500). North
Atlantean (-200 - c350) and Atlantid (-200 - c400) forms are also
shown, where they vary from Early and Imperial Atlantean. Atlantean,
Helvran and Yalland also continued on and changed somewhat into
"late" forms after 500. Chalcran died out by 600. Where '-' is written in a
space, it means that there has been no change from the earlier stage
of the language. Cons. means consonant; pron. means pronounced.
Below the consonant changes, are examples of words indicating these
changes (written in italics).
| JURALIC |
ATLANCHALCRIC |
IMPERIAL ATLANTEAN |
NORTH ATLANTEAN (N)
ATLANTID (A) |
STANDARD CHALCRAN |
IMPERIAL HELVRAN |
EARLY YALLAND |
| b
lob (long)
|
b
bt>tt
|
b (- if final)
br>bu (pron. v)
vowel - b>u - vowel
lou
|
b
br remains (N)
|
b
lub
|
b
vowel - b>v - vowel
lov
|
b
vowel - b>v
- vowel/l/m/n/r
loiv |
d
dra:dhu:
(desert)
|
d
dra:thu:
|
d (- if final)
dr>du (pron. j)
duathu
|
d
dr remains (N)
drathu
|
d,
di [dd pron. dj]
drassu
|
d
drod
|
d vowel - d>dh -vowel/l/m/n/r
draudho
|
g
ga:nd
(to have)
ra:go:
(son)
|
g
ga:nd
ra:go
|
g ( - if final.)
y if
initial before a vowel)
yand
vowel - g>y - vowel
rayo
|
g
|
g
gi/gh before a
gu before e
ghann
rago
|
g
vowel - g>kh - vowel
gond
rakh
|
g
vowel - g>(h) - vowel
gaudh
rauhoi>rahoi |
| p
|
p
pt>tt |
p (- if final)
pr>pu (pron. f)
vowel - p>ph (pron. f) - vowel |
p
pr remains (N)
|
p
|
p (b initially.
pp finally)
vowel - p>b - vowel
|
p>b
(but p if final)
|
| t
|
t
c+t>cc
|
t ( - if final)
ti/e (pron. ts)
tr>tu (pron. ch)
c+t>cc
|
t
tr remains (N)
|
t
k+t>cc
|
t (d initially)
vowel - t>d - vowel
|
t>d
(but t if final)
|
| k
ka:reb
(dear)
kwapt
(to say)
kt
|
c (pron. k)
careb
kw>hw
hwatt
ct>cc
|
c (pron. k)car
hw>hu. ks>x
huatt
ct>cc
|
c
|
c
carebb
hw>ch
chatt
ks>cs
kt>cc
|
k (g initially)
gorb
kw>gv
gvapt
vowel - k>g - vowel
|
k>g, but k if final
gaurev
kw>qu
quapt
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| bh
|
b |
b (u/v/-, see above) |
b
(u/v/-, see above)
|
b |
b
|
f |
dh
dha:n
(to allow)
|
th
tha:n |
th
than
|
th |
ss (t initially)
tan
|
d
(kir)don
|
dh
dhaun
|
| gh
|
g |
g (u/y/-, see above) |
g
(u/y/-, see above)
|
g |
g |
c (cc if medial. ck if
final) |
ph
phe:d
(to believe)
|
p
pe:d
|
p (ph see above)
peid
|
p
(ph see above)
|
p
pid
|
f (v between vowels)
fid
|
ph (pron. f)
phedh
|
th
prouthu:
(peace)
|
th
prouthu:
|
th
prouthu
|
th
|
ss
(t initially)
proussu |
s (initially or after unvoiced plosive)
d (after vowel or voiced plosive)
praud
|
th (if initial)
d (after vowel or voiced plosive)
pruodo |
kh
stekh
(to work)
|
c
ct>cc
stec
|
c
ct>cc
stecc
|
c
|
c
ct>cc
stiecc
|
k
stek
|
h
steh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| s
sla:linda:
(woman)
sk, sh
lu:shu:
(slowness)
|
s
sla:linda:
sc
lu:scu:
|
s (pron. z between
vowels)
sl>su (pron. sh)
suayinda
luscu
|
sl remains (N)
slalinda
|
s
slalinna
sc
luscu
|
z (but s initially in
non-monosyllables)
slolind
liusk
|
s (but r between vowels
or before l,m,n,r when not initial)
(- initially before l.m.n.r)
laliddo
sk>sh
luosho |
z
zlidha:
(speed) |
z
zlitha: |
z
vowel - z>y/i - vowel
zl>zu
zuitha
|
z
zl remains (N)
zlitha |
j
zlissa
|
z
zlid |
z
(- initially before l,m,n,r)
leun |
kh:(guttural X)
ru:kh: (command)
|
h
ruh |
h (not sounded after
cons.)
(pron. sh after vowel
- initially
ruh |
h
|
h (ch after vowel)
(ruch - obsolete) |
k
riuk
|
cc (c if initial. ch if
final)
ruocc |
kh:(guttural X)w
kh:wa:ina:
(heaven)
|
hw
hwaina: |
hu
huaina |
hu
|
cc (c if initial)
cana |
gv
gvain
|
qu
queno |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
m
mente:
(epoch) |
m
mente: |
m (n if final)
mente
mn>nn |
m
|
m
menn
(m+cons.>mm)
|
m (n if final)
mind
|
m
midd
|
n
prank
(to win)
|
n
pranc
|
n nk>nc
puanc
|
n
nk>ng(N)
prang
|
n
(n+cons.>nn)
prann |
n
(n+cons. - cons. voiced if intervocal or final)
prang |
n
(n+plosive.>doubled plosive)
prack |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
l
trilda(luck)
|
l
trilda:
|
l
(vowel - l>y - vowel)
tuilda
|
l
trilda |
l
(vowel - l>ll - vowel)
l+plosive>doubled plosive
tridda
|
l
plosive+l>doubled plosive (not initially)
trild
|
l
lk/lg/ld/lt>unstressed e or other vowel between l and
cons.
trilido |
r
narka:
(after)
|
r
narca: |
r
(vowel - r>- - vowel)
nar[a] |
r
|
r
(r+plosive>doubled plosive
nacca
|
plosive+r>doubled
plosive
nork |
r
rk/rg/rd/rt>unstressed e or other vowel
between r and cons.
naurke
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
h
ho:rnu:
(tree)
|
h
ho:rnu: |
h (not sounded after
cons. After vowel pron. sh)
(Initially - )
ournu |
h (not
sounded after cons. After vowel pron. sh)
(Initially remains)(A)
hournu
|
h
(after vowel, h>ch)
hournu
|
h
(k if final)
horn |
h
(- if final)
horno |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
w
we:z
(to know) |
w (v initially)
vez |
u (f initially)
fey |
u
(v initially)(A)
viz |
- (Preceding cons.
doubled)
(Initially b)
bij |
v (initially or after
vowel)
- (if after cons. )
viz |
w (initially)
u (before vowel and after cons.)
v (between vowels)
wez |
y
ya:sisu:
(year) |
y
ya:sisu:
|
y
(i before vowels and often elsewhere)
iasu
|
y
|
i
iasu |
j
(- intervocally or before a cons.)
jaiz |
y (initially and before
vowels)
- intervocally
yerairo |